Reading (Book) Not Only Just

What with the many books read automatically ago we akan easy pouring our ideas in writing? Therefore one of the questions that appear at the event’s participants talk show Read Community Building and Writing, 20 March 2003. The event, held at the Center for Japanese Studies, University of Indonesia campus new, Jakarta, is a cooperation committee UI Book Festival 2003 with the magazine Matabaca Reader and Reader-97.4 FM Jakarta News. Coincidence that in the event the author present and involved in the discussion.
Often we see the interest between the ability to write. So, if the reading habits of life have become, by itself with our easy to write. Relationships between reading with the writing very closely, although not seketat between listening to the talk. To be able to write, we have a lot of reading. Reading is the main means of writing skills. Reading provides a variety of energy that is required in an author, and in this effort can not be obtained in other ways (Marahimin Ismail, Writing the Popular, Pustaka Jaya, Jakarta, 1994; 17).
Presumption is not wrong, although not entirely correct. There is also temporarily in people, reading has become habit of life, but it’s just very difficult to start writing. Of akan question arises, whether someone might be able to write on rare or never read the book?
During this activity kepenulisan in the low-mahfumi only comes on the inability of someone to write a technical skill. For example, low language skills to write, resam language, does not understand the journalistic principle, and so forth. Yes, so can someone write the difficulty caused by technical factors, but there is one factor, and the author is far more important factors, namely non-, in the form of a desire to write (willingness to write) itself. As a human being, every human being has three roles (role), namely as being themselves, being the organization / community, and the creatures of God. By God, man is given a gift the winner, namely the freedom to have that in Ali Syariaati referred to as the free will to freedom or to disclose the existence memaknai to the existence of self.
Hairston in Nursisto (2000) mendiskripsikan benefits of writing, including as a means to find something, can bring new ideas and means to reveal the self, the ability to train and organize a variety clarify the concept, helping to absorb and process information, think actively train and develop the understanding and ability to use language . God kemanajeran task given to the human form is not only human to survive (to make a living), but also develop a more meaningful life (to lead a meaningful life) and participated in the life of praise (to ennoble life). In addition, establish a private-private dihayati by universal values and the self-conscious act and the reality that oppress. Humans must be able to understand the existence of the self and the environment because it has the personality and existence (Mansor Fakih, 2001).
Quite difficult for the author, makes a conclusion that the low activity kepengarangan / kepenulisan classified as a personal problem (individual problems) or social problems (social problems). Or perhaps the second problem is present at the same time caused the low read-write culture. At least, the conclusion is drawn on the basis of two facts: first, many people read books and other written text, but is not able to write; second, the world kepenulisan in Indonesia is still far from brisk ketegori.
Writing; Social Issues
Keringnya understanding of the culture of writing as social problems will bring us to the reality in the past filled with rezimentasi practices, the establishment of mental penyeragaman-soldiers, not only on the physical level (such as uniforms, clothing and shoes), but also against the idea penyeragaman (content brain). Discussion activities, writing, and read books prohibited, so that the potential creativity of the young group did not kunjung current. Want proof?
On 14 October 1981, four students, University of Indonesia rector sack them. The reason for inviting Pramoedya as one of the speakers in a discussion on campus, 24 September 1981. Which, of course, get bonus arrest outside legal form of military punishment. Seven years later, three youths arrested in Yogyakarta, arrested, tortured before trial, and convicted of the alleged subversion. The reason is not far different from their colleagues in Jakarta: own, read, discuss, and circulate the paper some novel Pramoedya. They punished imprisonment between seven to eight half-year at the age of them not yet 30 years old (Indonesia Year 1000, Editor: JB Kristanto, Publisher Book Kompas, Jakarta, 2000; 545-546).
With the irony of that, cut and fold drop-poke in the side of human feelings, as expressed in the Seno Gumira Ajidarma storiette Subject coal (Kompas Book Publishers, 1993; 9-15), which recounts how susahnya Sandra (10 years), one of 40 students from Mother Teacher Tati. At that time, Mrs. Teacher Tati gave the task of composing a title with three options that have been determined: We are happy Family, Holiday House to grandmother, and mother. Sandra wrap confusion because the fact that he lives Go there is no accordance with the third title. How can we write about a happy family while his father, who clearly does not? Similarly, a holiday home to a grandmother, who he suspected as the grandmother of the same characteristics because of a biological fact mucikari. Title of the third mother, Sandra also has kebing ungan that is not less pilunya. Until the final seconds of the 60 minutes of time composing lessons, Sandra can only write short sentences, mother of a prostitute.
Still writing about the social problems, interesting description dilontarkan by Eep Saefulloh Fatah during discussions at the Arena Theater, Taman Budaya Jakarta, 1 January 2000, which was then in the provocation dibukukan First Century: Building Pancadaya retake Humanity, Teen Rosda Karya, Bandung, 2000; 66 ). Properly when young students into the classroom, or sitting-sitting on the lakeside, or in the grass, then the child is left to write about that are flying dragonfly. He can write about grass terinjak, dry and dead. About the teacher tergerai hair long, he is enthralling. Or write ingusnya out while he must continue to complete the job to write it. About kaosnya the new teacher who never be told when the always long-winded. He can write about anything, in a sentence along sependek or anything. If we do this in school, how terrible kepengarangan atmosphere, the world of writing, we are now in place. How many people will be able to be the author.
On the basis of this low footing as a cultural and social issues related to writing the changes must be made through a change in strategy reedukatif system, values, behavior, including changes in educational goals. That is, no changes can be done alone, but must bersama-sama/kolektif. Involving all stakeholders (publishers, authors, book shops, family, lovers community read-write, students, college students and educational institutions) and shareholders (the government and the city or district, the Office of National Education and of course the central government / National Board of Books).
Writing; Personal Problems
Keringnya cultural understanding writing as a personal problem / lack of individual willingness to write something that is not autonomous, so it does not appear, it is accidental. However, the result is a rather more reasons, more a response rather than action. The cause of early failure is written in the text (books and other reading materials). Departure from the minds Karlina Supelli (in Alfons, 1999; 67), the text has the right to have any meaning, but readers of the same rights to construct meaning. Karlina cite what Gadamer cited: reading allows terbentuknya intersection between the world of life and the world of the text so that readers eksistensial take actions that make up your own meaning of the text; readers as apply to textual meaning in life konkretnya; participate in the natural meaning of the similarity in the text . Peak on the understanding achieved a paper when the reader to understand himself better, understands himself differently. The simple, readers are able to possibilities and keberlangsungannya, through what he read.
Book is not only a window of the world, but in the book there is life and life itself. Because reading is not an activity but added that intertwine with the meaning of the text. The reader is co-creator of meaning. Text into a presence that the kungkungan time.
Still according to Karlina mengiyakan raised Virginia Woolf’s the best way to read is to (also) to write. With writing, try a dangerous experiment with words and kesukarannya. Reading is not separate from the writing. Both forming the road to the future. Both are a part that allows the development of individual reasoning, critical thinking is independent, the sensitivity against humanity.
Actually I just want to say that our inability to write on the side of the fruit failure in memaknai / read the text, we also failed to read in the context of the incident-natural, social phenomenon, the behavior being, so that the result of stupidity empathy, cuek-to-right against self-actual failed memaknai existence in his life. Hen just anxious to leave their children in a cage that is not secure. But the man who can calm rational people see nearly threatened disaster. (Muhammad Zuhri, 1996).
There are two thesis to explain the good correlation between positive or negative reading habits with writing skills. First, the only functional. Second, the alphabetical (technical). Based on publications issued by UNESCO Statistical Year Book 1993 that dilansir ravel 10 May 1996 entitled Kwaku Less Book three reality shows.
First, 84 percent of our population be literate in the average developed country only 69 percent. Second, the number of newspapers throughout ravel only 2.8 prsen of the population. Index of UNESCO at least about 10 percent while the industry in the country reached 30 percent. Third, the number of new books published 0.0009 percent of the total population which means that 9 new titles for each of a million inhabitants. Average of developing countries 55 per one million inhabitants. Developed countries 513 titles per one million population (Daniel Dhakidae, 1997; 187). Statistical data from the above we can find a fact that literacy is not always positively correlated to the level of author / authors that are reflected in the number of books read and other media. Respond to this fact, Ignas Kleden (in Alfons, op.cit; 9) differentiate literacy into three categories. First, those who are technically able to read but the functional and the culture of fact-blind letter. Because it can jarangnya reading, or the nature of the work that they do not have the time to practice the ability to read.
Second, they are classified as read and write functions that must occur because the consequences of the work. However, once made the very poor reading and writing as practices for communication and expression through writing. Try to ask on this group, how much time the letter was written in a year or the amount of money spent to buy the book for a year. This group is classified as technical and functional literacy, but are still illiterate culture.
Third, those who have any capability in addition to read-write the technical and functional, making it read-write as the needs of daily living, with read and write things that are not only limited to their work. In this third category, needs to hear and speak is not always greater than the need to read and write.
Inability to write because someone has failed in reading in the environment despite the fact he diligently read the books and other written text. On the basis of this thesis, the author prefers to interpret the process as collect, convey, fathom, investigate and find out. So to be fair if someone said to make a habit of reading higher, but still had difficulty writing. Conversely, while there are people who read activities (textual) may be spelled usual-usual course, but the flow of creative writings continue to flow.
Sapardi Djoko Damono entitled any posts in a Language and Writing Skills, which is collected in the range of approaches in Teaching English and Literature-Structure, humanistic, communicative and Pragmatik (Editor: Muljanto Sumardi, Jakarta, Pustaka Sinar Harapan, 1996; 186) asserts that read simply can no longer distinguish between the letters m and n, and write simply can not put a period (.) on the letter i. Reading should include the ability to understand the high esteem and the various length. Includes the ability to write that the longer the more superior to mold minds and feelings in writing.
Reading is not enough, there must be efforts to make-contemplation contemplation contemplation, as well as the roads to see the reality so that our understanding of the whole thing, not partial. Because it is not rare that writing (das sollen) in the book different from the actual happening (das sien). Reading becomes a means of beginning to know the reality of life indeed.
Women, Sex, and Literature
Later this polemic in a variety of discussions and a number of mass media about the phenomenon of the emergence of women writers who present with the papers had sex. Many view that basically imply merebaknya concerns over the phenomenon. The polemic, I see that the diresahkan by many people is because they are zealous about the human body this postscript women, exactly young women. That is, many people were noisy sex in a matter of recent literature we only write that because a woman!
Controversy about sex or about things in the works of erotic literature in fact we have often occurred. In the colonial period, occurs between the hidden polemic figures Balai Pustaka with people outside the Central Library. In Nota Rinkes, for example, called on-call works of literature that is considered taboo and violate the moral damage. At the end of the colonial period, the appearance of Armijn carcans Pane discuss the love and perselingkuhan also cause controversy. At the end of the 1960s occurred long discussion about the novels Motinggo Busye since Bibi Marsiti trilogy that contains many elements considered to be pornography. Furthermore, there was also discussion between Harry Aveling with Goenawan Mohamad as appear in Sex, Literature, We (written 1969).
As was expressed by critics of literature through a HT Faruk any posts titled Sex and Politics in the Literature of Indonesia (2003). In Sex, Literature, We, Goenawan Mohamad see there are three patterns in the attitudes of Indonesian literature to sexual issues and how sexual depiction. First, the papers that try to discuss sex, but does not dare menggambarkannya, who works in the term Harry Aveling treat sexual issues as thorny roses. Second, the papers that discuss sex and menggambarkannya way meneriakkannya with the hard-hard. Works that may be classified as works of pornografis, describing the events explicitly erotic. Third, the papers that discuss sex as part of human life and a reasonable menggambarkannya reasonably well, as implied in the cliff-cliff U mar early Kayam and poems Sitor Situmorang.
In the novel appear Ayu Utami, Saman (1998), there was also controversy. In the history of Indonesian literature, since Ayu Utami incredible things happen in the issue of sex in literature. Not only in writing because keberaniannya sexuality explicitly compared with the works of Indonesian literature previously, but also because the author is following the trend of such women writers, such as the Dinar Rahayu, Djenar Maesa Ayu, and Nova Riyanti and Herlinatiens. In an interview, contest winners writing novels Arts Council of Jakarta in 2004, Dewi Sartika, with overtly acknowledge that novelnya, Dadaisme, how writing is influenced by Ayu Utami.
Literature and movement Zaman
Historical record, a rising controversy over works of literature most often occur because ketidaksiapan community concerned or the authorities (authorities to political, spiritual, moral) in the expression of different individuals and even conflict with the collective value system. Here, the issue shifted from the literature of the sociology, politics and even, as happened in the works of Milan Kundera.
When D. H. Lawrence memublikasikan Lady Chatterleys Lover seabad back in the UK or while in France Gustave Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary previous few years, many people feel tersengat not load because sex is the second novel, but because the two works of literature that opens with the sexual behavior hipokrisi the elite community. In both novels, the dikisahkan perselingkuhan the respectable man’s wife (Lady Chatterley and Emma Bovary), which would find happiness outside of marriage. Lady Chatterley even dikisahkan berselingkuh gardener with her own, a noble veteran and a war invalid. A spanking for a social construction that has been established and do not want criticism. That also happens here with the fetters of Armijn Pane in the 1930’s.
When the end of the 1960s to early 1970s sexual revolution occurred in the United States as a reaction to the continuing war on dikobarkan everywhere (Korea, Vietnam) by the older generation that they have a certain patriarkis; of sex to be the theme of rebellion young children and fear of death (fear) with the face of love (love) through the famous motto is (make love, not war!), several names appear as icons, including in the literature.
One nin Anas (1903-1977) the chance of a woman. American novelist and short story writer of French descent to write a series of daily notes that contain sexually explicit at the end of the age reinforces the name as a feminist icon and author in the vanguard of his country in line with the movement of the age that demands scrutiny. That’s also all associated with a number of his affair in real life, including the United States with other prominent writers, Henry Miller.
In the introduction to the collection of stories erotisnya, Delta of Venus: Erotica (1969), which is the nin fans DH Lawrence, among others, that the writing is trying to write down the aspects of female sexuality from the perspective of women and penghayatan itself, not the sexuality of women’s glasses as the man who made DH Lawrence through a number of female characters in the novel-novelnya: Lady Chatterley, Ursula Brangwen.
Women and Sex in Literature We
It seems like there are here since six years ago. Not the first time in the history of women’s literature we write sexuality openly in his work. NH. Dini has done so, also drops Basino or Dorothea Rosa Herliany by a poet who dijuluki women who identify with the disarray diksi men. The difference, at this time this was happening simultaneously, such as outbreaks, and involves many new names that actually potential.
Momentumnya failure is the New Order regime that militaristic, patriarkis, Puritans, authoritarian and monolithic. Topple the regime of the violence, glorify hate diversity and uniformity. They insisted on a lot of people dictate what can and can not be. Expression direpresi unique individual in the name of stability. They memasung many things: women, sexuality, the freedom to create, engage the right, and associate many things that actually are in a private area.
Ayu Utami, the beginner, through Saman (written in 1997, when Soeharto still in power) about many things, not just sex, but when we read with a thick jelly in the novel is the feel of politisnya, particularly criticism of the powers of the New Order and the militaristic patriarkis power. Borrowing terminology Mikhail Bakhtin, the novel contains hetroglossia, diversity, the withdrawal a carnival. Novels about the labor stoppage, with the collusion of the local military, torture activist, supernatural phenomena, as well as the Catholic faith, male dominance over women, sexuality and love, the beautiful language dibalut and eksploratif.
After appearing Saman, berbondong-group of women who previously stated bridled rebellion in their works, including the use of sexuality as a theme, such as the Dinar Rahayu and Djenar Maesa Ayu. Society is not ready to witness something new gelagapan. Many reactions that occur is not more than attacks against the private life of the author, not a spirited discussion about the paper and enrich them. Sentence-sentence cut them out of context just to prove how the women have been mengumbar smut in their paper.
In the first book discussion, Ode to Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, who reveal phenomena sexual deviation in our urban community, Dinar Rahayu dipojokkan with a personal question that there is no concern with his work. He dihujat and considered obscene claim because writing a novel through. He then must pay a publication novelnya with the loss of a job as a chemistry teacher at a private school in Bandung.
Why are we so upset when the women writing about sex and sex? Burukkah so when a woman with a fair write about women’s sexuality from their own glasses?
Indeed, there is no sexual division of labor in the literature. That is, not relevant to what women have to write and what man can write. It is also not a relevant associate with the private life of the author. Basically, both a work of literature it is only feasible with the measured parameters related to the literature.